Australian Family Law Essays - 1930 Words

In this day and age there are many variations of what constitutes a couple or family in comparison to many years ago. Long ago the idea of a ‘nuclear family’ was considered the norm; it consisted of the conventional husband, wife and children . But as our society progressed through the years this definition became less conventional and criticisms were made, this definition of ‘family’ did not account for gay unions, soul parents nor did it acknowledge the prevalence of extended family. The definition of family has changed over time, as have the socially defined roles of mothers and fathers. Within these varied family units, situations occur in which divorces and separations take place and a lot of the times these tricky situations may†¦show more content†¦This historical definition was derived from the case of Hyde v Hyde and Woodmansee (1866) and denotes monogamous, heterosexual relationships; this restriction on the term ‘marriage’ ha s prevented the parliament from legislating in respect to de-facto and homosexual couples. However the Victorian Parliament has developed the Relationships Act 2008 (Vic) which recognises and registers the relationships between two people who aren’t married irrespective of ones gender. In the year 2010 there where 50, 240 divorces granted in Australia alone . Under the Family Law Act (FLA) a divorce can not be filed within the first two years of the life of the marriage without court permission, unless a certificate is filed with the application. This certificate would state the two individuals have considered reconciling with a marriage counsellor or an appropriate officer of the family court. There are three main grounds for divorce, which are listed under sections 48 to 50 of the FLA; it is asked whether the ‘consortium vitae’, the life blood of the marriage has ended. When a couple is divorcing there are many factors to be taken into consideration; such as, division of property and other assets and most importantly children. Since 2007 the Family relationship centre has been the first stop for family disputes, there are over 60 centresShow MoreRelatedSociological Explanations For The Divorce Phenomenon1154 Words   |  5 PagesWestern family is an increased incidence in divorce. Whereas in the past, divorce was a relatively rare occurrence, in recent times it has become quite commonplace. This change is borne out clearly in census figures. For example thirty years ago in Australia, only one marriage in ten ended in divorce; nowadays the figure is more than one in three (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1996: p.45). A consequence of this change has been a substantial increase in the number of single parent families and theRead MoreSociological Explanations For The Divorce Phenomenon1154 Words   |  5 PagesWestern family is an increased inciden ce in divorce. Whereas in the past, divorce was a relatively rare occurrence, in recent times it has become quite commonplace. This change is borne out clearly in census figures. For example thirty years ago in Australia, only one marriage in ten ended in divorce; nowadays the figure is more than one in three (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1996: p.45). A consequence of this change has been a substantial increase in the number of single parent families and theRead MoreLegal Studies Family Essay1491 Words   |  6 PagesWith respect to family, assess the ability of the legal system to respond to differing issues concerning values Family law is the most complex aspect of the Australian legal system as it is constantly under review and reform pursuing to adopt society’s continual change in values and principles. The changing of laws in an attempt to be parallel with society is a strenuous process. Nevertheless, legislations are reflective of contemporary society’s values and ethics. Numerous legal issues arise inRead MoreThroughout the world the majority of people identified with disabilities have been overlooked,1400 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the world the majority of people identified with disabilities have been overlooked, hidden and ridiculed in the community (AHRC, 2013). Australian history demonstrates that in ‘dealing’ with this issue many individuals with disabilities have been placed in institutions and/or prisons and by sterilising many young girls (AHRC, 2013). The recent concern presented by Federal disability commissioner Graeme Inns, of the rise in sterilisation i n young girls with disabilities begs the questionRead MoreEssay on Necessity of Pre-nuptial Agreements within Australia987 Words   |  4 Pagesreduce post-marital disputes. (Queensland Broker Feb.2001) Pre-nuptial agreements are basically a financial agreement which are made before marriage. It can be signed by anyone who requires a different property division than that set out by the Family Law Act, and it conveniently deals with difficult issues such as the financial situation of each party before marriage, including share of property and debts and obligations of each party before marraige. It outlines possible future investments andRead MoreLegal Processes in Dealing with Domestic Violence1392 Words   |  6 PagesThe legal processes in dealing with domestic violence as a problem in a family relationship, address the complex and varied needs of all individuals involved. Domestic violence is an act whether physical or verbal that is violent and abusive in nature occurring in a domestic relationship. The Family Law Legislation Amendment (Family Violence and other Measures) Act 2011 (Cth) addresses many significant and substantial areas of dealing with domestic violence further to this highlighting the complexRead MoreEssay about Maternity Leave in Australia524 Words   |  3 Pagesmaternity leave and prohibition against dismissal during maternity leave. Although a member of the ILO, Australia has never ratified its convention concerning maternity protection ---- we have no standard maternity leave provisions. Australian law entitles women to 12 months unpaid leave and for more than 25 years the Commonwealth Employees Act has entitled Commonwealth employees to paid maternity leave. About two-thirds of women in the workforce, however, are not entitledRead MoreIts Hard Being a Single Dad in America1494 Words   |  6 Pagesneeds to help out with single parenting. Australian Council of Social Service. Stop Cuts to Sole Parent Payments! N.p., n.d. Web. 05 May 2013. UN asks Australian Government to explain violation of single parents rights March 4, 2013 The Australian Council of Social Service today called on the Australian Government to detail its response to a United Nations request for it to explain the decision to cut the payments of over 80,000 single parent families. The UN Special Rapporteur on extreme povertyRead MoreFamily Law Essays1132 Words   |  5 PagesFamily law Changes to family law as a response to changing values in the community/role of law reform in achieving just outcomes for family/ effectiveness of legal and non-legal responses in achieving just outcomes for family members The family law act 1975 introduced major change to divorce law on 14 grounds of infidelity, cruelty and desertion. In 1975 saw a major reform in family law, as the family law act introduced no fault divorce meaning that neither party were to blame for the breakdownRead MoreThe Family Law Act 1975 ( Cth )1771 Words   |  8 PagesThe Family Court is a superior court which was first established in 1975 under the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth). This Act, as amended by the Family Law Reform Act 1995 (Cth) and the Family Law Amendment (Shared Parental Responsibility) Act 2006 (Cth), states that all children have a right to know, be cared for, and have regular contact with both parents and other ‘significant’ people. This is of course if it would be contrary to the child’s best interests. The Family Court ensures that each case and

Biblical Theology Of Worship. Throughout Our Time In Church,

Biblical Theology of Worship Throughout our time in Church, and here at Moody, it is hard to go through it without being told that a priority we should put in our relationship with God is that we should worship him. But what does that mean and how do we do it? What does the bible say about worshiping God? Worship is the feeling or expression of reverence and adoration for God. I think that we can show that through our daily actions and also through singing to God and praying to him, as we most commonly see in Church When we envision worship in our minds, we commonly think of people in a church singing songs to a powerpoint presentation. But to think that is the only way that we can worship God is false in every sense of the word. A†¦show more content†¦If they knew why we do what we do in worship on Sunday then they would be much more entertained. When we looked at different things that should be included into Corporate Worship on Sunday morning, what better place to look th an at some of the churches that Paul wrote to in his epistles, because apparently we aren’t the only ones that are struggling to find out what the best way of planning corporate worship is. The first verse that anyone goes to for Corporate Worship is found in Colossians 3:16 when Paul tells the Colossians to, â€Å"Let the word of Christ dwell in you richly, teaching and admonishing one another in all wisdom, singing psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, with thankfulness in your hearts to God.† The first step that Paul gives to the Colossians is to â€Å"let the word of Christ dwell in you richly†, showing there is a connection between Corporate Worship and the reading of the Word of God. It almost appears as if Paul is saying we need to read the Word first before we can all come together in worship of God. Then Paul says we should be â€Å"teaching and admonishing one another in all wisdom,† This section shows us two things: teaching, and fellowship. We need to be taught about the word of God and also we need to keep in touch with other believers and go through life with them, learning from them and vice versa. Hebrews 10:25 is an example of this, saying â€Å"we shouldn’t be neglecting seeing each other, but instead should beShow MoreRelatedEssay on Black Theology1522 Words   |  7 PagesThe development of Black Theology in the United was one that shocked the nation as a whole. While in slavery, Blacks had to sneak and hold church services. This was partly because Whites felt that Blacks were not able to be accepted into heaven, and they believed that once one as a Christian they could no longer be enslaved. So to appease their conscience they would not allow Blacks to take part in theology. Due to these issues Black Theology soon originated within the United States. The originationRead MoreFeminist Theology1492 Words   |  6 PagesFeminist Theology Feminist theology is based on the idea of not lord but brother. Jesus Christ himself stepped outside of societies norms by befriending the outcasts of society, which included women. Women are often portrayed as the cause of or focus of evil and misdeeds in the bible. The focus of feminist theology is the perspective of theology from those who were outcast and therefore considered themselves as equals and friends to Jesus Christ. If there is anything they desire to know,Read MoreEssay on The Influence of Christianity on Ancient and Modern Greece1657 Words   |  7 Pagesestablishment of Christian churches in Macedonia, Achaia, Epirus, and Crete, to the expansion of the Orthodox Church, Greece has been a formidable landmark for development of Christianity throughout the world.? From its arrival to Greece with the first preaching of Paul, the Christian faith has undergone a unique assimilation into the cultural and philosophical traditions of the Greek people to create a church, v isibly distinguishable from all other sects and denominations of Christianity.? Christianity hasRead MoreEVAN 525 Book Critique Great Commission MWillis1429 Words   |  6 PagesBook Critique: Vernon Whaley and David Wheelers: The Great Commission to Worship A research paper submitted to Yat Por Lau In Partial Fulfillment of the requirements For The course EVAN 525 Liberty Baptist Theological seminary By Michael Willis Lynchburg, Virginia Sunday, September 21, 2014 Table of Contents Abstract 3 Concrete Response 4 Reflection 4 Action 5 Abstract In their book, The Great Commission to Worship, Vernon Whaley and David Wheeler takes an in depth look at commandmentRead MoreA Reflection On My Spirit Essay1416 Words   |  6 PagesOrder during our on-site class discussion last June. The Holy Spirit convicted me of being at fault for taking the act of worship lightly and getting too comfortable. Likewise, the Holy Spirit persuaded me to consider the reason we gather for worship and whether we are telling God’s story. I began this doctoral journey under the assumption that I knew a great deal about worship. Coming from a Latino church where God’s presence is distinct throughout our worship experience, I pondered worship renewal wasRead MoreThe Truth Of The Bible1725 Words   |  7 Pages Question 9 I believe the time isn’t relevant as far as wear I will spend eternity, four there’s two ways of that can happen. First of all, nobody is immune to die at any point in time for went is your time to go you have no control over it. Second of all, Jesus can come anytime. Therefore, if either of these events happens, eternity awaits. Are used to think that the younger you are the least you need to worry about these two events happening. On the contrary, the acknowledgment that JesusRead MoreThe Theology, Christology and Pneumatology of The Book of Revelation1741 Words   |  7 PagesThe Theology, Christology, and Pneumatology of the Book of Revelation are highly reflective of the social, political and religious context in which the book was written. Within the text, we find expressed the views of an author, and Christian community in general, challenged by the power and ideology of Rome, as well as having to re-imagine and re-comprehend their God, and divinity in gener al, in light of the revelation of Jesus Christ and the work of the Spirit among them. Before beginningRead MoreWriting Assignment 12027 Words   |  9 Pagesuncomfortable with the idea that worship is a goal in making disciples, the goal of Christian education according to Mitchell is to make a disciple who worships Jesus. Mitchell points out that worship is more than just showing up at church on Sunday morning for an hour of corporate worship. He points out that worship according to John 4:19 -24 goes much deeper than just that time of corporate worship that we often think of as worship. He points out that worship involves the whole person, mind,Read MoreMission Theology Of The Bible1203 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction To understand â€Å"Mission Theology† we first have separate the two words. Mission is the vocation or calling of a religion organization, especially a Christian one, to go out into the world and spread its faith (Oxford Dictionaries). Theology is the study of God or the study of the nature of God and the relationship between the human and divine. In the textbook we use for class which is called â€Å"Introducing World Missions† we are told that the word â€Å"missions† (which ending with the letterRead MoreThe New Testament Canon.1295 Words   |  6 Pages New Testament Canon Charles Bragg CHHI 301- B02 02/02/2015 â€Æ' The Greek word â€Å"kanon† (G2834) , in today’s society we use the spelling â€Å"canon†. In theology, its chief application is to those books received as authoritative and making up our Bible. The Protestant canon includes 27 New Testament books. It is commonly said that the Protestant test of canonicity is â€Å"Inspiration†. That is, Protestants accept into their canon those books they believe to be immediately inspired by God and therefore

Sustainability of Renewable Sources of Energy in Australia

Question: Discuss about the Sustainability of Renewable Sources of Energy in Australia. Answer: Introduction Sustainability is composed of two words, sustain and ability. Combination of the two highlights the ability of the companies and organizations to preserve the resources for the fulfillment of the needs of the future generation. Delving deep into the inner essence of the term sustainability, it bestows the future generation with quality products for the fulfillment of their basic needs (Mowforth and Munt 2015 p.56). The major drive behind this is the judicious utilization of the organizational resources by the personnel. Conscious approach towards the regulation of waste emission is itself an agent for the achievement of sustainable growth, which enhances the reputation of the companies and organizations. This essay attempts to speculate the measures adopted by the companies and organizations to achieve sustainable growth. Herein, the reference of Ceramic Fuel Cells Ltd proves appropriate (Cfcl.com.au 2017). This is in terms of establishing relevancy with the requirements of the essay. The in-depth discussion of the aspects of sustainability in the essay format enhances the preconceived knowledge of the readers regarding the preservation of the ecological biodiversity. Renewable sources of energy play an important part in preserving the ecological diversity. Considering it a wicked problem reflects a different mentality, which contradicts the prefix renew in the type of the energy (Markard, Raven and Truffer 2012 p.960). This contradiction negates the approach towards the preservation of the ecological biodiversity, which acts as a deviation from the requirements of the essay. Countering this, exposure of consciousness towards preservation of the greenery in the environmental ambience establishes relevancy with the propositions of the essay. Recycling of the waste products can be correlated with the phrase renewable, which acts as a typical example of this consciousness (Moldan, Janoukov and Hk 2012 p.11). Attachment of the concept of sustainability in this context, establishment of the fact regarding recycling of the waste materials adds value to the functionality of the Ceramic Fuel Cells Ltd. The reference to an organization enhances the clarity of the readers towards understanding the ways and means through which the sources of energy is reused for providing innovative products to the public domain (McKinno et al., 2015, p.123). Herein, lays the appropriateness of the subsequent paragraphs, which perceives sustainability from the social, economic and environmental parameters. Sustainability refers to the endurance of processes and systems. Sustainability is a socio-ecological and economic process with a pursuit of common ideal. An ideal is usually unattainable in a given space and time. However, a sustainable system is achieved by dynamically and persistently approaching it (Wang et al., 2015 p.1631). In ecology, the healthy forests and wetlands are examples of a sustainable biological system. A healthy environment is very necessary for the survival of humans and other species, which is a major challenge. Sustainability is also a social challenge which includes national and international laws, ethical consumerism, urban planning and the changing lifestyle (Epstein and Buhovac 2014 p.234). Environmental degradation, population growth, climatic changes and unlimited growth of economy in a closed system has questioned the importance of sustainability. The economy, society and the environment form the three pillars of sustainability. These three pillars are interdependent on each other and none of them can exist without the others. Sustainable development can be achieved only by balancing the efforts to meet the human needs without harming or degrading the environment (Terrapon et al., 2014 p.4). Respect for nature, economic justice, universal human rights and a culture of peace for the base of a sustainable global society. However, humans neglect the importance of a sustainable environment and emphasize more on personal gains. Here arises the importance of systems thinking in developing solutions to tackle these sustainability challenges. Systems thinking are an approach to problem solving that balances the holistic and the reductionist thinking. The system thinking examines the linkages and interactions between the various elements that compose to form the entire system (Twidell and Weir, 2015 p.345). It acknowledges the fact tha t an improvement in one area can have an adverse effect on the other area in the system. Therefore, it promotes communication at all levels of organization in order to avoid the silo effect. System thinking techniques are very useful in studying any kind of system such as biological, social, economical, scientific and conceptual system (Suberu, Mustafa and Bashir 2014 p.500). The basic environmental problem for the future of humanity is the anthropogenic change in the climate. There has been a massive change in the global environment with the advent of industrial revolution. Human activities have immensely affected the environment since ages. Humans completely rely on nature for raw materials, food and shelter; however, they ignore the fact that they are also a part of the nature (Bhandari et al., 2014 p.234). The Earth is experiencing a massive change in the global environment, which is complex and has various causes. With the advent of industrial revolution in 1850s, the impact of humans on the environment became massive. This was explained by a new term- the Anthropocene, which explained the extent, duration and magnitude of such impacts on the environment (The Conversation 2014). The various environmental issues caused were land degradation, deforestation, soil erosion, decline in the availability of fresh water and fish stocks, excessive wastes gener ation, air pollution, depletion of non-renewable sources of energy, pollution from toxins and many more. One example of environmental problem is the Not in my backyard attitude (Parliament of Australia 2017). This attitude is observed when humans derive benefits and profits from the nature but refuse to take the responsibility to address the damage caused to the environment by them. This problem is mostly observed in case of oil exploring and refining business wherein excessive oil is extracted from the natural oil refineries but no one is interested in building an oil refinery in the neighborhood. Due to such issues, it becomes necessary for Government and businesses to take active participation in solving these issues (Australian Government 2017). Formation of various institutions by the Government for preserving the environment becomes necessary. It also becomes necessary for the businesses to perform their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) by helping in the removal of povert y and neutralizing the negative impacts of globalization and industrialization on the environment as it is the environment that will give them the opportunity to earn profits (Pan et al., 2015). Economic growth refers to the increase in the production of goods and services as a result of increase in consumption that leads to economic development. The major challenge is to achieve economic growth and development while maintaining sustainable environment. Humans extract raw materials from the nature in the form of food and fuel, which is further processed and sold to earn profits and these processes generate wastes and other emissions that are harmful for the environment (Larcher and Tarascon 2015). The combination of natural capital, financial capital, manufactured capital and human capital helps in production of goods and services in the economy. However, unlimited growth of the economy is not possible due to the presence of limited non-renewable resources and the limited capacity of the nature to absorb pollution from industrial activities. Here, the system thinking is required in the form of social, informational and institutional mechanisms in order to keep a check on the overshoot and collapse in the economy (Pan et al., 2015). One of the solutions to prevent this is the decoupling of economic growth and use of resources. An economy is required to have a sustainable GDP growth without harming the environment. For example, the use of CNG in automobiles can help in maintaining profits along with reduction in air pollution. Social sustainability involves all the activities of humans. Social sustainability occurs when all the formal and informal processes, structures, systems and relationships support the current and the future generations to create a livable society. A society is said to be sustainable when there are equal opportunities for everyone and the basic needs of every individual are met. Such a society encourages diversity and is interconnected within and outside the community (Parliament of Australia 2017). Such a society has a proper accountable governance structure. Focus on social capital formation is important for sustainability and a social agency is important to mobilize the social capital. A social market is regulated by the social values, norms and the government. Social framing of the economy helps in attaining a sustainable society. For attaining a sustainable society, it becomes very necessary to socially include every individual by providing him job, access to services, social con nection and having their voice heard. Putting a critical reflective vision to the highlighted parameters, all the parameters are interlinked with each other. The social and economic parameter can be conjoined, which enhances the corporate social responsibility of the companies and organizations including Ceramic Fuel Cells Ltd (Cfcl.com.au 2017). Adopting innovative means for recycling the waste products helps the company to mitigate the pollution level, which regulates the health hazards of the public domain. Effective and judicious utilization of technologically advanced machines helps the company to provide quality renewable sources of energy to the public. This highlights the environmental parameter. Minute speculations of the revealing result in equal alignment of the three parameters in an equal alignment. Counter arguing this, the environmental parameter includes the social and economic parameter. Herein, lays the appropriateness of the example of the utilization of environment friendly materials for the production of quality fuel cells, which can be renewed and reused. The aspects of renewable and re-utilization broadens the perspectives of the essay as well as the scope and arena of the company in terms of attaining sustainable growth (Parliament of Australia 2017). Delving deep into the intensity of the earlier sentence, the prefix re is common between the aspects of renewal and re-utilization. Viewing it from the perspective of the company, Ceramic Fuel Cells Ltd, the prefix re energizes the company to reutilize the resources in a judicious way. Perceiving it from a critical perspective, the prefix re instigates the companies like Ceramic Fuel Cells Ltd to make effective utilization of the organizational resources. This brings sustainability growth for the companies including the Ceramic Fuel Cells Ltd (Cfcl.com.au 2017). Incapability to make judicious utilization of the resources aggravates the pollution levels, which increases the intensity of the health hazards for the public domain. Exposure of negligent attitude in overcoming the challenges stalls the growth process for the companies and organizations in terms of sustainability. On the contrary, adoption of technologically advanced machines for regulating the waste and smoke emission reflects the ability of the companies and organizations to sustain the resources for the future generation (Suberu, Mustafa and Bashir 2014 p.512). Herein, lays the symbolic signification of the attribute of sustainability. Viewing it from other perspectives, sustainability inculcates the skill of saving among the personnel of the company, Ceramic Fuel Cells Ltd. Effective utilization of this skill proves beneficial for the personnel to complete every operations in an efficient and effective manner. Emerging failures in preserving the resources for the future needs compels the personnel to witness an empty stock, which delays the completion of the tasks (Twidell and Weir 2015 p.435). Herein, lays the effectiveness of the systems, which compel the personnel to put on thinking caps for the betterment of the situation. The aspect of thinking cap provides an opportunity to the employees to evaluate their exposed performance in terms of the organizational goals and objectives. Viewing it from the other perspective, thinking caps enhances the individuality of the personnel, which is a gradual progression towards the attainment of professionalism. Emerging successful in evaluating the self exposed performance itself results in the outpour of better performance. This perspective guarantees success in terms of achieving sustainable growth (Terrapon et al., 2014 p.9). However, running after the earning profit contradicts the true essence of sustainability. On the contrary, envisioning the wellbeing of the public domain, acts as an agent in enhancing the reputational status of the company. Herein, lays the inner essence of the aspect of corporate social responsibility. This essay emerges successful in providing an insight into the aspect of sustainability. Interplay with the words might distort the integrated structure of the attribute; however, it aligns with the experimental abilities of the companies and organizations to attain sustainable growth. The critical approach towards the essay highlights the main fact of judicious utilization of the resources, which bestows adequate resources on the future generation for the fulfillment of their needs. The reference of Ceramic Fuel Cells Ltd enhances the clarity of the essay, which makes the issue clear to the readers. As a final touch, the essay takes the stand on ensuring the wellbeing of the public domain, which adds to the aspect of sustainability. References Australian Government, 2017, Solar Energy, viewed 7th April 2017 https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/BriefingBook44p/EnergyResources Bhandari, B., Lee, K.T., Lee, C.S., Song, C.K., Maskey, R.K. and Ahn, S.H., 2014. A novel off-grid hybrid power system comprised of solar photovoltaic, wind, and hydro energy sources.Applied Energy,133, pp.236-242. Cfcl.com.au, 2017, About Us, Viewed 7th April 2017 https://www.cfcl.com.au/ Epstein, M.J. and Buhovac, A.R., 2014.Making sustainability work: Best practices in managing and measuring corporate social, environmental, and economic impacts. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Larcher, D. and Tarascon, J.M., 2015. Towards greener and more sustainable batteries for electrical energy storage.Nature chemistry,7(1), pp.19-29. Markard, J., Raven, R. and Truffer, B., 2012. Sustainability transitions: An emerging field of research and its prospects.Research Policy,41(6), pp.955-967. McKinnon, A., Browne, M., Whiteing, A. and Piecyk, M. eds., 2015.Green logistics: Improving the environmental sustainability of logistics. Kogan Page Publishers. Moldan, B., Janoukov, S. and Hk, T., 2012. How to understand and measure environmental sustainability: Indicators and targets.Ecological Indicators,17, pp.4-13. Mowforth, M. and Munt, I., 2015.Tourism and sustainability: Development, globalisation and new tourism in the third world. Routledge. Pan, S.Y., Du, M.A., Huang, I.T., Liu, I.H., Chang, E.E. and Chiang, P.C., 2015. Strategies on implementation of waste-to-energy (WTE) supply chain for circular economy system: a review.Journal of Cleaner Production,108, pp.409-421. Parliament of Australia, 2017, Australian energy resources, viewed 7Th April 2017 https://www.ga.gov.au/scientific-topics/energy/resources/other-renewable-energy-resources/solar-energy Suberu, M.Y., Mustafa, M.W. and Bashir, N., 2014. Energy storage systems for renewable energy power sector integration and mitigation of intermittency.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,35, pp.499-514. Terrapon-Pfaff, J., Dienst, C., Knig, J. and Ortiz, W., 2014. A cross-sectional review: Impacts and sustainability of small-scale renewable energy projects in developing countries.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,40, pp.1-10. The Conversation, 2014, Renewable Energy is ready to supply all of Australias electricity, July 21, 2014 viewed 7th April 2017 https://theconversation.com/renewable-energy-is-ready-to-supply-all-of-australias-electricity-29200 Twidell, J. and Weir, T., 2015.Renewable energy resources. Routledge. Wang, X., McCarty, P.L., Liu, J., Ren, N.Q., Lee, D.J., Yu, H.Q., Qian, Y. and Qu, J., 2015. Probabilistic evaluation of integrating resource recovery into wastewater treatment to improve environmental sustainability.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,112(5), pp.1630-1635.

Biophysical Processess and Health Assessment

Question: Discuss about the Biophysical Processess and Health Assessment. Answer: Health History Assessment: Mr. A (70 yrs) is from the Srilanka. He is living alone in his home on the outskirt of city alone as his wife was expired two years before. He is not interested to stay with his son who is staying in the same city. His is financially weak as he dont have any income source and he is having very little pension. Hence, he cant offer to have helper to assist in his activities of daily living. Community from which Mr. A belongs is traditionalist in character, as people from this community are not interested to share their health problems with healthcare professional. 15 years before he was diagnosed with peptic ulcer, diabetes, obesity, ostoporosis, fatty liver cirrhosis and hypertension and till date he is having these disease conditions. Mr. A was consuming bisoprolol, atenolol, esomeprazole, metformin, frusemide, spironolactone and orlistat since some time. He was on alcohol consumption and chronic smoking since few years. Milk products and eggs are allergic to him. He is not eating nu tritious food and as result his nutritional balance is impaired. In recent times, his vital systems were tested and below are the observations. He has breathing problem, stomach pain, vomiting, insomnia and he has feeling of loss of appetite and lethargy. It is evident that he wishes to keep isolated from society and family members and completely depressed. Mr. A feels that society and family members are not going to accept him in this condition. Society and family members are unhappy with his lifestyle since long time and his presenting condition is due to his lifestyle. As he is depressed, he is forgetting routine things and he disoriented to time, however he is oriented to the people. Liver function tests are performed for Mr. A because he has liver cirrhosis. Liver function test generally estimates proteins such as alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin, and bilirubin. Atypical level of these proteins exhibit degree of liver damage or scarring. Full blood examination (FBE) exhibit complete examination of health of the Mr.A. Diagnosis of acute inflammation can be performed by C-reactive protein (CRP) estimation. Test for the inflammation was performed because Mr. A has peripheral oedema (cirrhosis). MBI test is generally performed as metabolic panel test essentially for diabetes, liver disease, kidney disease and hypertension. MBI test was performed because Mr. A is having multiple diseases. CT scan of the left hip of Mr. A was performed as Mr. A has pain in hip. With the help of CT scan degree of compression of fracture can be determined and it is also useful for the evaluation of severity of osteoporosis. X-ray of spine pelvis righ t hip was carried out in the patient for the assessment of dislocation of three bones of the pelvis like illiun, ischium and pubis (Fischbach and Barnett, 2009; Novelline and Squire, 2004). Mr. A has cardiovascular complications since some time and he taking medicines for the same. To assess his current cardiovascular complications his blood pressure should be assessed. He is also having breathing problem and to assess his current lung function pulmonary function test should be performed. He is also having liver cirrhosis, hence his liver function test should be performed. In these evaluations it has been observed that his cardiovascular system, respiratory system and liver are normal (Jensen, 2010). Physical Examination: Head, ears, eyes, nose and throat (HEENT) Observations : Head : No headache, giddiness Ears : No problem in hearing . Eyes : No problem in vision, No blurred vision and there are no spots in the eye. Nose : No assessment. Throat : Swelling in the throat. Cardiovascular: Occasional mild chest pain, occasional very little palpitations. Pulmonary : No shortness of breath and no cough. Gastointestinal : There is epigastric pain since long time, diarrhea and bloody stools and loss of appetitie. Genitourinary : No urgency in urination Neurologic : No numbness, tingling and paresthesias. Mukosleletal : Abdominal pain after lifting little heavy bag. Endocrine : No assessment. Physical examination: Vital signs : B.P. Systolic 120 mmHg and diastolic 80 mmHg, Blood sugar level 110 mg/dl, Body weight 75 kg, Live function test AST - 70 IU, ALT - 50 IU Forced expiratory volume (FEV1) 75 % Conclusion : From the above physical examination and vital signs and other tests, it is evident that disease of Mr. A like hypertension, diabetes, cirrhosis are in control now. However from symptoms like stomach pain, bloody diarrhea and loss of appetite is predicted that he is suffering from Inflammatory bowel disease and decided to go for diffential diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease. Investigation: Possible diffential diagnosis : Crohns disease and ulcerative colitis. Crohns disease and ulcerative colitis are types of inflammatory bowel disease. Crohns disease and ulcerative colitis are the inflammatory disease of the GI tract and these two disease share few common factors like symptoms. Also, these two disease share common etiological factors like environmental, genetic and an abnormal immune response. These two diseases can occur equally in men and women. Crohns disease is spread intermittently in the large and small intestines with few areas are inflamed and few areas are normal. Ulcerative colitis can be continuous inflammation particularly in the small intestine. . Crohns disease occurs throughout every layer of the intestinal wall, on the other side ulcerative colitis occur particularly in the inner lining of the colon (Targan et al., 2013; Cohen, 2005). Conclusion: Out of total cases of inflammatory bowel disease around 10 % cases exhibit characteristics of both Crohns disease and ulcerative colitis and moreover severity and occurrence of these diseases is similar in all age groups. This together occurrence of Crohns disease and ulcerative colitis is called as intermittent colitis. Out of these two diseases, one particular disease is not age related and both disease occur at any stage of life. Hence, in few cases it is very difficult to differentiate between these two diseases. Nevertheless, a careful medical history, physical examination, use of screening tools, and correct diagnostic tests can precisely differentiate between these two inflammatory bowel disease conditions in most patients, allowing disease-specific management (Tontini et al., 2015). Physical examination: Physical examination of the patient should be performed along with asking questions to the patient. There is the possibility of fever due to intestinal inflammation and dehydration due to diarrhea. Hence, temperature should be noted and about dehydration Mr. A should be asked about his fatigue and lethargy. This fatigue and lethargy also would be helpful in evaluating anemia because bloody diarrhea, there is the possibility of anemia in Mr.A. There is also possibility of weight loss in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Hence, weight of Mr. A, also should be noted. Stomach pain in particular area should be evaluated by slight pressing of the stomach area and inquiring Mr. A about the pain sensation. Inflammatory bowel disease is generally associated with extra intestinal complications like arthritis, iritis and dermatitis. These complications also should be evaluated by observation of the particular part and asking Mr. A about any abnormal feeling in that part like pain in limb in arthritis. Rectal examination should be performed to assess bloody stool because in inflammatory bowel disease, there is occurrence of bloody diarrhea (Targan et al., 2013; Cohen, 2005). Diffential Diagnosis : Biomarker analysis: As IBD is inflammatory bowel disease further prediction of Crohns disease and ulcerative colitis can be performed by inflammatory biomarker analysis like CRP, IL-6, INF gamma and IL-13. Immunologically Crohns disease is TH1 mediated inflammatory disease INF gamma predict about the occurrence of Crohns disease. On the other side, ulcerative colitis is TH2 medicated disease, IL13 predict about ulcerative colitis. Even tough, CRP doesnt give clear differentiation between Crohns disease and ulcerative colitis, it has been found that CRP levels are slightly higher in Crohns disease than ulcerative colitis. Serum IL6 levels are also slightly higher in Crohns disease than ulcerative colitis. Serum biomarker as diagnostic test should be performed initially because it is simple test and it give good prediction without much complication to the patient. From biomarker analysis, it is evident that Mr. A has ulcerative colitis (Lewis, 2011; Iskandar et al., 2012). Cross-sectional imaging: Cross-sectional imaging can be helpful in the identification of the stage of the inflammatory bowel disease. This includes tools like ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and barium contrast radiology. Decision on the selction of the tool for cross-sectional imaging depends on the patient condition, severity of the symptoms in the patient, availability of expertise and instrument. Along with the identification of location of the lession, cross-sectional imaging is also helpful in the evaluation of the thickness of the colonic wall and examination of the different layers of the colonic wall. This analysis of each wall of the colonic wall helps in the differential diagnosis of Crohns disease and ulcerative colitis because Crohns disease occurs throughout all the layers of colonic wall and ulcerative colitis occurs in the inner layer of the colonic wall. These imaging techniques also helpful in the assessment of presence or absence of colonic lymph nodes From cross sectional imaging, it is evident that Mr. has ulcerative colitis (Braveman et al., 2004; Tekkis et al., 2005). Ileo-colonoscopy : Ileo-colonoscopy helpful in the differential diagnosis in the inflammatory bowel disease because in this examination patient with Crohns disease exhibits discontinuous inflammation of colonic wall, lesions and cobblestoning of the mucosa. On the other side, ulcerative colitis exhibits erosions,continuous inflammation, microulcers and granularity in the mucosa. From Ileo-colonoscopy it is evident that Mr. A has ulcerative colitis (Dignass et al., 2012). Histopathology : For the differential diagnosis of the inflammatory bowel disease, histopathology was performed from the two specimens from the five sites of the colon of the colon, rectum and terminal ileum. In histopatological analysis, Crohns disease exhibits architectural and inflammatory changes which depicts discontinuous alterations throughout the colon, focal cryptitis, inflammation of the lamina propria and mucin deposition. Ulceratice colitis exhibits paneth cell metaplasiain the distal part of the colon, depletion of mucin, inflammatory cell infiltration throughout the mucosa, distorted crypts and surface erosions. From histopathological analysis it is evident that Mr. A has ulcerative colitis (Magro et al., 2013). Upper endoscopy: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy is helpful in the patients with suspected Crohns disease because this particular disease of the inflammatory bowel disease is related to the upper gastrointestinal tract. This diagnostic tool is not valid exclusivity for Crohns disease because upper endoscopy is also useful for the diagnosis of the Helicobacter pylori infection, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis and gastric adenocarcinoma. This diagnostic test was rejected in Mr. A because other above performed tests clerly indicated occurrence of ulcerative colitis in Mr. A (Annese et al., 2013). Small-bowel endoscopy: Small-bowel endoscopy is also specifically useful for the examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Hnece, this test was also not considered for the diffential diagnosis of Mr. A, because in other diagnostic tests it was confirmed that Mr. A has ulcerative colitis (Flamant et al., 2013). Conclusion: In the health assessment of Mr. A, stepwise approach was followed starting from the collection of the history of Mr. A in terms of family history and medical history. In this it was identified that Mr. A has very unhealthy lifestyle which was responsible for the multiple disease in M. A like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, liver disease and his condition was like a patient with metabolic syndrome. As, he was consuming medications for these conditions, his most of the health issues in the past are in control now. It is evident from the tests performed for diabetes, blood pressure and liver function test. Recently he was suffering from the intense stomach pain and bloody diarrhea. Hence, it was predicted that Mr. was suffering from inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammatory bowel disease comprised of Crohns disease and ulcerative colitis, specific diagnosis was performed for Mr. A by applying differential diagnosis. In the diffential diagnosis it is evident that Mr.A is suffer ing from the ulcerative colitis. References: Annese, V., Daperno, M., Rutter, M.D., Amiot, A., Bossuyt, P., East, J. (2013). European evidence based consensus for endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease. Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, 7(12), 982-1018. Braveman, J.M., Schoetz, D.J., Marcello, P.W., Roberts, P.L., et al. (2004). The fate of the ileal pouch in patients developing Crohns disease. Diseases of the Colon Rectum, 47, 16131619. Cohen, R. D. (2003). Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Diagnosis and Therapeutics. Springer Science Business Media. Dignass, A., Eliakim, R., Magro, F., Maaser, C., Chowers, Y., et al. (2012). Second European evidence-based consensus on the diagnosis and management of ulcerative colitis part 1: definitions and diagnosis. Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, 6, 965990. Fischbach, F.T., Barnett, M. (2009). A Manual of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests. (8th ed.). Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Flamant, M., Trang, C., Maillard, O., Sacher-Huvelin, S., Le Rhun, M., Galmiche, J.P., Bourreille, A. (2013). The prevalence and outcome of jejunal lesions visualized by small bowel capsule endoscopy in Crohn's disease. Inflammatory Bowel Disease, 19(7), 1390-6. Iskandar, H.N., Ciorba, M.A. (2012). Biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease: current practices and recent advances. Translational Research, 159, 313325. Jensen, S. (2010). Pocket Guide for Nursing Health Assessment: A Best Practice Approach. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Lewis, J, D. (2011). The utility of biomarkers in the diagnosis and therapy of inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology, 140:18171826.e2. Magro, F., Langner, C., Driessen, A., Ensari, A., Geboes, K., et al. (2013). European consensus on the histopathology of inflammatory bowel disease. Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, 7(10), 827-51. Novelline, R. A., Squire, L. F. (2004). Squire's Fundamentals of Radiology. (6th ed.). Harvard University Press. Targan, S.R., Shanahan, F. Karp, LC. (2007). Inflammatory Bowel Disease: From Bench to Bedside. Springer Science Business Media. Tekkis, P.P, Heriot, A.G., Smith, O., Smith, J.J., Windsor, A.C., Nicholls, R.J. (2007). Long-term outcomes of restorative proctocolectomy for Crohns disease and indeterminate colitis. Colorectal Disease, 7, 218223. Tontini, G.E., Vecchi, M., Pastorelli, L., Neurath, M.F., Neumann, H. (2015). Differential diagnosis in inflammatory bowel disease colitis: state of the art and future perspectives. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 21(1), 21-46.

Class Stratification in Animal Farm Essay Example

Class Stratification in Animal Farm Essay In the text â€Å"Animal Farm† by George Orwell, an idea I think is worth learning about is class stratification.Class stratification describes when a society splits into separate classes; who have different access to resources and power.I think this idea is worth learning about because the expulsion of Mr Jones was meant to stop it, the seven commandments were explicitly against it and because Snowball would have stopped it from happening.Animal Farm is an allegory for the Russian revolution and the plots and ideas present in this novel, are based on actual events.The authors purpose for making the divide between classes so conspicuous was to show unjust, and oppressive; Joseph Stalins leadership was. Firstly, class stratification is an idea worth learning about because the expulsion of Jones was meant to stop it.â€Å"Only get rid of Man, and the produce of our labour would be our own. Almost overnight we could become rich and free†.This is a quote from Old Major’s speech, the speech that inspired the animals to revolt against Mr Jones. On the pre expulsion farm, Man was a class with overruling power (With Mr Jones representing the Tsar royal family who ruled at the time) and abundant resources, while the animals were another class; with zero power that had the resources they produced, taken away.The author, put an emphasis on how the animals thought the revolution would turn their society into one free of divided classes, he did this because it put even more emphasis on how wrong the animals were. I think this shows that in life, considering multiple outcome of a situation before deciding whether to dive in or not, is the best way to avoid disappointment when said situation turns sour. We will write a custom essay sample on Class Stratification in Animal Farm specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Class Stratification in Animal Farm specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Class Stratification in Animal Farm specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Secondly, class stratification is an idea worth learning about because the original seven commandments were explicitly against it.The seventh commandment was â€Å"All animals are equal†, this was later changed to â€Å"All anima

Relative Error Definition (Science)

Relative Error Definition (Science) Relative error is a measure of the uncertainty of measurement compared to the size of the measurement. Its used to put error into perspective. For example, an error of 1 cm would be a lot if the total length is 15 cm, but insignificant if the length was 5 km. Relative error is also known as relative uncertainty or approximation error. Reasons for Relative Error Relative error compares a measurement to an exact value. The two reasons for this error are: Using an approximation instead of real data (e.g., 22/7 or 3.14 instead of pi or rounding 2/3 to 0.67)Imprecise measurement due to instrumentation (e.g., a ruler measuring to the nearest millimeter) Relative Error Versus Absolute Error Absolute error is another measure of uncertainty. The formulas for absolute and relative error are: EA | V - Vapprox | ER | 1 - (Vapprox / V) | Percent error is then: EP | (V - Vapprox) / V | x 100% Relative Error Example Three weights are measured at 5.05 g, 5.00 g, and 4.95 g. The absolute error is  ± 0.05 g.The relative error is 0.05 g/5.00 g 0.01 or 1%. Sources Golub, Gene; Charles F. Van Loan (1996). Matrix Computations – Third Edition. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 53. ISBN 0-8018-5413-X.Helfrick, Albert D. (2005) Modern Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques. p. 16. ISBN 81-297-0731-4

Re-write this document Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Re-write this document - Essay Example Wave pressure is expressed by both time and distance. Sound moves in a straight line in a medium of equal density (Funk & Wagnall, 1979), but sonar depends on the reflection of sounds that are conducted underwater. Whether sound is reflecting (throwing sound back from a surface) or refracting (bending the normally straight path of sound toward a new direction) is of great importance to sonar applications. Levels of stratification and levels of salinity greatly change how sound travels through shallow water. Accurate calculations and research will give sonar operations more accurate and reliable results. The speed and velocity at which sound travels through water was first researched by Sir Isaac Newton in 1687. He began these investigations when he discovered that measurements of sound as it travels through fluids relied only on the physical properties of the fluid, such as its elasticity and density. The first accurate measurements of the speed of sound in water were made in 1826 by the French mathematician Jacque Sturm. Further studies of how sound originated and was carried underwater became crucial from a military standpoint in World War I with the introduction of the submarine. Great progress was made in our understanding of sonar during World War II and the issue has received increasing attention in more modern times (Funk & Wagnalls, 1979). The speed of sound in water depends on different factors including temperature, salinity and wave depth (Derencin, 2002). There is a positive relation between water temperature and depth – as the depth increases, the water temperature decreases. The term ‘isothermal’ is used to describe a uniform water temperature (Standards and Curriculum Division, 1944). Sound travels slower as it encounters denser gas or fluid; therefore, the speed of sound in water is four times

Discuss the Mexican-American War and its importance Essay

Discuss the Mexican-American War and its importance - Essay Example rts that most of the operations lasted one and half years making the Americans to quickly occupying New Mexico and California (Goldensohn 2006 pg 36). The major consequences of the war were specified in the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The war was highly propagated by the President James Polk to facilitate the American territorial expansion though the Whig party was highly against it. The huge amount of resources in form of money and casualties was highly criticized. The importance of the war historically is immense as it lead to the crucial expansion of the American territory and hence progress. Can one imagine America without California, America would not have become successful economically as it largely depends on California for economic success (Goldensohn 2006 pg 36-48). Had Mexico won the battle America would not have been the superpower as we speak hence America would have been less powerful today. In fact, the acquisition of land to the west allowed America to become rich and more powerful and this is majorly attributed to the Gold Rush that took place in California (Castillo 2008 pg

Foundations of Conflict Resolution MODULE 3 CASE ASSIGNMENT Essay

Foundations of Conflict Resolution MODULE 3 CASE ASSIGNMENT - Essay Example The cooperation showed by the parties was an over ridding principle which allowed the two parties to continue on with the discussion. In the case there is a strong possibility of a Pareto – Optimal settlement. The case meets a number of the conditions like: â€Å"Despite conflicting interests, the parties recognize that they also share a problem of some urgency which, if not promptly resolved, may have adverse consequences for them all. Despite differences of perspective, the parties communicate easily with one another. No psychological problems or hidden motivations stunt or disturb the flow of communication. The parties and their attorneys are genuinely interested in possibilities of settlement without the distractions of posturing or jockeying for strategic advantage. Neither party is able or "willing to exercise overwhelming power or influence in the negotiations to force a decision in his or her favor." Each party understands the others arguments and interests, and neith er party is willing to risk the possibility of a judgment adverse to it in a court of law. Objectively based criteria can be identified on which to build a settlement. The dialogue of negotiation discovers win/ win possibilities via "expansion of the resource to be traded." The parties may have an actual or potential relationship that each perceives as worth maintaining or cultivating. Both parties are willing to coordinate their actions in order to implement win/win solutions† (Selig, 2002). Practical points that can derived from this case is that if the disputants have a strong understanding and ability to communicate and resolve the issue among themselves, it can prove to be very beneficial for all the parties and can create a win – win situation for all. Also if all the aspects of the case are considered, it is seen that the cooperative behaviour along with the need for and willingness to genuinely have a need for settlement.

The beliefs of Childrens Learning

The beliefs of Childrens Learning Identifying the beliefs of Childrens Learning, Development, and the Social Influences that shaped them. A childs learning and development begins from the moment they are born, the early years from birth to five are an important milestone in a persons life, what a child experiences in the early years has a major impact on their future chances in life. A safe, secure and happy childhood is important in its own right. We can shape a childs learning from an early age, children learn through experience and adult involvement, therefore interaction with babies and young children is fundamentally important, it helps to build ideas, creates thinking and helps them develop as learners. Babies are born with an interest in people and a drive to find out about their world. Observing and assessing babies and young children is an important basis in their learning and development. Watching children learn can open our eyes to the capacity of how they learn (Pugh, 2001, p. 66), and this shows us the i mportance of these first few years in a childs life. Over the decades early education, policies and practices have seen significant changes. We still use many of the earlier theories and methods through the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) in our early education settings today. The EYFS is part of a ten year Childcare Strategy introduced in 2008, it relates to the Childcare Act 2006, and its aim is to give young children the best start in life, it sets standards to enable early years providers to implement the rich and personalised experience many parents give their children at home. It provides legal requirements relating to learning, development, assessments and welfare. The EYFS principles which guide all practitioners consists of four themes; a Unique Child, Positive Relationships, Enabling Environments, Learning And Development. It implies that all children from birth to five will acquire the same skills and knowledge in preparation for school while at the same time recognising that all children are individuals that require ind ividual learning strategies. The construction of early education and care of children and young people dates back many years, as early as the 17th century. Friedrich Froebel a major theorist was born in 1782 in Thuringia what is now Germany and was well known for saying play is a childs work, he formulated the idea of kindergarten meaning childrens garden as a means of educating young children. Play and the outdoor environment were important in Froebelian kindergartens. His approach emphasized that children are able to develop their capacity for learning through play, and that active learning is essential with guidance and appropriate direction. He believed that training of workers within the early years was essential, and the importance of parents as partners in the education of young children. The influence of Froebels methods are well established in early years settings to date, his work was one of the theories that made the basis of early education. Many recent theorists based t heir work on these early findings, and say, he was ahead of his time as one of the EYFS themes and commitments, of today states active learning. Active learning it is implemented through the learning and development principle of the EYFS, it provides physical and mental involvement, decision-making and personalised learning, and it occurs when children are keen to learn and are interested in finding things out for themselves. Play is a dynamic process that develops and changes, it provides children with opportunities for developing cognitive, social, emotional and physical skills. Froebelian kindergartens were seen to be middle class; despite this his methods were adapted for use with disadvantaged children and families within developing 20th century nursery and infant schools. (Pound, 2008, p. 16). The first nursery school opened in Scotland in1816 by Robert Owen(1771-1858), he was a mill owner who refused to employ children less than 10 years of age, he believed that education should be a common right for all children, and that children are passive, contrived and by due preparation and accurate attention can be formed into any human character. He managed their behaviour through kindness, which in the19th century was unusual, children as young as 2 years attended his school. The opening of his nursery school influenced changing attitudes on child labour, and set the basis of early education for young children. The start of the curriculum method was one of Owenss ideas, his vision on education-inspired generations of activist; he recognised the link between social welfare and early education this is an important part of practice in modern day settings. His commitments to education were radical as were his ideas on the importance of equality, although his policies were a bold ste p forward, he was criticised as being rooted in his desire for profit. (Pound, 2008, p. 13) In the UK the development of early education was very slow compared to Europe, it was In 1870 that publicly funded education became compulsory for children age 5, the need to understand these early childhood services is important as they laid down the foundations of our education system (Pugh, 2001, p. 8) During the 1960s the voluntary playgroup movement emerged. A letter sent to the Guardian by Belle Tutaev, a young mother of a four-year-old expressing concern to the lack of appropriate nursery provision within our education system. For many years the main means of early education was state primary schools, and this was aimed at children over 5 years, after campaigning to the authorities to no avail she opened her own playgroup, this progressed and by the seventies playgroups became a recognised form of pre-school provision. Over the next 2 decades the changing family patterns and employment patterns meant early years provision were a much needed source, this saw the growth of private nurseries. Only after a review in 1988 on early childhood and education services, (The Education Reform Act) did the government realise there was a growing problem. It found flaws, in uncoordinated services, which varied between different parts of the country, compared to the rest of Europe there were low levels of public funding. It had different services ran by a diversity of different organisations, this meant a wide range of clients used them, all with different aims and purposes. The education system needed the government to intervene. A number of national reports was to be published, one of them the Rumbold report published in 1990, expressed concerns about education and the lack of access to Early Years services. It highlighted the need for the development of good quality provision in the early years, and believed it to be vital that all that work, or are involved with young children recognise the importance of their educational role and fulfil it. She urged those who make provision recognise the growing demand for and the expansion of high quality services to meet children and parents needs (rumbold, 1990). The report also highlighted the way in which young children learn are as important as what they learn, and argued against the introduction of formal learning. At the time, this report was ignored but it is now used as a basis for best practice in todays Early Years settings. The establishment of the Early Childhood Education forum in 1993 meant bringing together all national agencies working in the field, (Pugh, 2001, p. 11) it clarified that an early years policy is needed, and an expansion in services, the forum gathered strength with over 45 national organisations by 1998. Its aims were to champion childrens rights and entitlements, support the training development and education of early childhood practitioners, and all those who work with children and their families. The government took action and in 1995, funding for the education of 4 year olds was introduced this was in the form of vouchers that could be redeemed in private, voluntary, or local authority nurseries, the vouchers were extremely criticised at the time and was abolished in 1997 when Labour Government was elected. The election of the Labour Government brought big changes in the way our whole Education System was run, especially Early Education; its key issue is to eradicate child poverty, and provide more family friendly policies and childrens centres. The Sure Start initiative, launched in 1999 under the National Childcare Strategy plays a major role in doing this, by helping families in local communities of need with children under 4years old. The government pledged 1.4 billion pounds over 6 years. This meant that parents had access to a multi agency of services within the Sure Start Childrens Centres. They are now a key influence within our communities helping children, families and society, by learning and developing life skills in the early years so that young children grow up to be happy, healthy and are able to achieve their goals in life. The centres are at the Heart of the Every Child Matters Change for Children 2004. The green paper Every Child Matters was published in 2003, in response to a report by Lord Laming in 2001, into the death of Victoria Climbie. Victoria was a young girl who was horrifically abused, tortured and killed by her great aunt, Marie-Therese Kouao and partner Carl Manning; they were the people who were supposed to be caring for her. Shameful failings within a number of systems meant on 12 occasions over 10 months the chances to save Victoria were missed. Evidence from this Inquiry demonstrated the dangers of staff from different agencies not fulfilling their separate and distinctive responsibilities. The death of Victoria showed a fundamental need for an integrated service that would be part of a political agenda for many years, despite the Children Act 1989 provisions, child protection strategies and services stayed within the social service system, and the level of communication and co-operation between these and other services in health and education were variable. The Ev ery Child Matters agenda is recognised by five outcomes; be healthy, stay safe, enjoy and achieve, make a positive contribution, and achieve economic wellbeing; these outcomes are a universal ambition for the government, and form a strong basis for the EYFS curriculum used in Early Education Settings to date. The transfer of responsibility for children under 8-years-old were made from the Department of Health, to the Department of Education and Skills and from 2001, an integrated inspection service was introduced, bringing together all the services, enabling multi-agency working, which was an important step forward. The Early Years Development and Childcare Partnership in local authorities were also introduced, helping to increase levels of provision in Childcare. Working in partnership with the Local Education Authority, each authority completed an audit, with a plan to reach the governments targets for early education places for all 3- and-4year-olds. This was made easier in the change of policy earlier, that allowed non maintained sectors to apply for nursery grants, children in private day nurseries, pre-schools and some childminders could now access their free half-day nursery provision. In this way the strategy started to tackle the long-term split between Early Years education serv ices and the childcare services. (Macelod- Brundenell,and Kay 2nd edition 2008 pg 352 ). It has been without doubt that Early Education has come a long way since Froebel in the 17th century, and the opening of Owens nursery school in 1816, but not many things have changed, it was evident then that children learn through play and exploration, and early learning is important in the first five years. Maybe many generations of children have missed out the chances given to young children of today. The EYFS has been an important milestone for early education and young children, and is now the way forward in preparing a child for school, but its existance is still in the primary stages, and many small nursery settings may find adapting to these changes and sustaining them quiet difficult as the standards and welfare requirements set are extremly high.

Essay on Black Readers of Their Eyes Were Watching God :: Their Eyes Were Watching God Essays

The Enraged Black Readers of Their Eyes Were Watching God         Although Hurston's novel Their Eyes Were Watching God is a widely read novel today, that wasn't always the case. When her novel was first published, many black readers were enraged. It wasn't until the early seventies when Hurston's novel was rediscovered. What aspects of the novel enraged the readers so that it would be forgotten for more than thirty years?    One of the most important aspects of the novel that enraged the black readers was Hurston's portrayal of the white people. Readers complained that Hurston wasn't harsh enough in her critique of the white people's treatment towards the black people. Rather than portraying whites as the stereotypical "Simon Legree" of Uncle Tom's Cabin-the ideal poor, racist "white trash"-most whites that take part in the novel are contrarily very helpful towards the blacks and show great compassion towards them as well. For example, when Janie begins her story we meet the Washburns. These are the white folks for whom Nanny worked for and they are very helpful towards both Nanny and Janie by treating them as if they are part of the family. Contrary to a lot of whites at the time who treated blacks as if they were still slaves, the Washburns treat both Nanny and Janie as human beings rather than slaves, showing great respect and love. In a way they are portrayed as "angels" who truly believe in human eq uality and don't have one bit of prejudice in them. "Mah grandma raised me. Mah grandma and de white folks she worked wid...They was quality white folks up dere in West Florida. Named Washburn. She had four gran'chillun on de place and all of us played together..." (8).    Furthermore, by reading Hurston's novel, one can clearly see that all blacks place the whites on a pedestal of knowledge. According to the blacks of the novel, whites know everything and are always right; they are superior and since blacks are supposed to be ignorant and stupid, they should believe and do everything the whites say. For example, Mrs. Turner states that she trusts only white doctors because black doctors aren't as educated and skilled as the white doctors. "Don't bring me no nigger doctor tuh hang over mah sick-bed...White doctors always gits mah money" (135-136). Another example is when the Indians are evacuating the muck because they foresee a big hurricane coming and the blacks don't evacuate stating that since the whites aren't evacuating there's no reason to.

Genetically modified food benefit both farmers and consumers Essay

THE TERM GM FOODS OR GMOS (GENETICALLY-MODIFIED ORGANISMS) IS MOST commonly used to refer to crop plants created for human or animal consumption using the latest molecu- lar biology techniques. These plants have been modified in the laboratory to enhance de- sired traits such as increased resistance to herbicides or improved nutritional content. The enhancement of desired traits has traditionally been undertaken through breeding, but conventional plant breeding methods can be very time consuming and are often not very accurate. Genetic engineering, on the other hand, can create plants with the exact desired trait very rapidly and with great accuracy. For example, plant geneticists can isolate a gene responsible for drought tolerance and insert that gene into a different plant. The new genetically-modified plant will gain drought tolerance as well. Not only can genes be transferred from one plant to another, but genes from non-plant organisms also can be used. The best known example of this is the use of B. t. genes in corn and other crops. B. t. , or Bacillus thuringiensis, is a naturally occurring bacterium that produces crystal proteins that are lethal to insect larvae. B. t. crystal protein genes have been transferred into corn, enabling the corn to produce its own pesticides against insects such as the European corn borer. For two informative overviews of some of the techniques involved in creating GM foods, visit Biotech Basics (sponsored by Monsanto) http://www. biotechknowledge. monsanto. com/biotech/bbasics. nsf/index or Techniques of Plant Biotechnology from the National Center for Biotechnology Education http://www. ncbe. reading. ac. uk/NCBE/GMFOOD/techniques. 1 Transgenic pollen harms monarch larvae (Nature, Vol 399, No 6733, p 214, May 20, 1999) 2 Assessing the impact of Cry1Ab-expressing corn pollen on monarch butterfly larvae in field studies (Pro- ceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol 98, No 21, p11931-11936, Oct 2001) 3  © 2000 CSA What are some of the advantages of GM foods? The world population has topped 6 billion people and is predicted to double in the next 50 years. Ensuring an adequate food supply for this booming population is going to be a major challenge in the years to come. GM foods promise to meet this need in a number of ways: †¢ Pest resistance Crop losses from insect pests can be staggering, resulting in devastat- ing financial loss for farmers and starvation in developing countries. Farmers typi- cally use many tons of chemical pesticides annually. Consumers do not wish to eat food that has been treated with pesticides because of potential health hazards, and run-off of agricultural wastes from excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers can poi- son the water supply and cause harm to the environment. Growing GM foods such as B. t. corn can help eliminate the application of chemical pesticides and reduce the cost of bringing a crop to market. 4,5 †¢ Herbicide tolerance For some crops, it is not cost-effective to remove weeds by physi- cal means such as tilling, so farmers will often spray large quantities of different her- bicides (weed-killer) to destroy weeds, a time-consuming and expensive process, that requires care so that the herbicide does not harm the crop plant or the environment. Crop plants genetically-engineered to be resistant to one very powerful herbicide could help prevent environmental damage by reducing the amount of herbicides needed. For example, Monsanto has created a strain of soybeans genetically modified to be not affected by their herbicide product Roundup  ®. 6 A farmer grows these soy- beans which then only require one application of weed-killer instead of multiple ap- plications, reducing production cost and limiting the dangers of agricultural waste run-off. 7 †¢ Disease resistance There are many viruses, fungi and bacteria that cause plant diseases. Plant biologists are working to create plants with genetically-engineered resistance to these diseases. 8,9 †¢ Cold tolerance Unexpected frost can destroy sensitive seedlings. An antifreeze gene from cold water fish has been introduced into plants such as tobacco and potato. With this antifreeze gene, these plants are able to tolerate cold temperatures that normally 4 Insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis protect corn from corn rootworms (Nature Biotechnol- ogy, Vol 19, No 7, pp 668-672, Jul 2001). 5 Lepidopteran-resistant transgenic plants (US Patent 6313378, Nov 2001, Monsanto) Conclusion We must by with Genetically-modified foods have the potential to solve many of the world’s hunger and malnutrition problems, and to help protect and preserve the environment by increasing yield and reducing reliance upon chemical pesticides and herbicides. Yet there are many challenges ahead for governments, especially in the areas of safety testing, regulation, international policy and food labeling. Many people feel that genetic engineering is the inevitable wave of the future and that we cannot afford to ignore a technology that has such enormous potential benefits. However, we must proceed with caution to avoid causing unintended harm to human health and the environment as a result of our enthusiasm for this powerful technology.

Western Civilization Essays

Western Civilization Essays Western Civilization Essay Western Civilization Essay Name: Lecturer: Course: Date: Natural law is viewed by many philosophers as the instrument used in the exploration of gods will. As Martin, (1999) explains, natural law is different from theology, in that it does not rely fully on supernatural law or revealed sources but on empirical evidence concerning human existence and nature. Natural law is a source of social norm in the society. It provides the basis for moral system in different religious group. According to Owen (1997), in whatever setting of the society and religion, all share the common frame work of natural law. Looking at the process of absorbing social norm, members of a society utilize socialization and education to distinguish between the good and the evil. Social norms are based on human nature and are important convections required to achieve social stability. The major objective of natural law is to make or sustain socially valued roles for people in their society, in case where an individual holds valued social roles, one is highly likely to re ceive in return those good things in life that are obtainable in that society hence the society always a way of paying those people who adhere to its norms. In additional all sorts valued things that other people are able to pass on are almost involuntarily accorded to a person who holds societal appreciated roles, at least within the resources and norms ones society. (Barford, 1996). Most human being societies have adopted certain societal norms which result either from ethics or from intrinsic ideas. But according to Young, (2003), consequences are that they partially result to human societies being unable to forbid impunity. Eventually, serious tensions picks in the society that may lead to society’s demolition. Men in general learn to differentiate between good and evil through learning and socialization. Through reason, a man is able to distinguish between what is unacceptable and what can be accepted in a particular society. Some norms are vital for social stability and in this sense such norms are based on human natural history, they are conventions that we need to have a stable society.   Therefore society norms and ethics have a major role in setting the society free from disorder (Barford, 1996). If law totally breaks down, then society is worse off than before (Owen, 1997). Socrates believed in this statement and totally refused to break the law. He wondered what kind of citizen he will be if he refused to accept the ruling of the jury. In addition Reilly (2000) in his book the social organization of today are dissimilar from the first civilizations in that primitive cultures depended on unity of people to live. However currently everyone depends on cash inform of monitory value and it has established the same as the common good. According to Kibuka (2000), the society without cash would work mainly because it goes against individual nature. No matter how genuine and accountable people are civilized, people always need a reward. He continue to express criticism that without the reward everything will have no value hence the world will still be far away from civilization. In his book Reilly (2000) argues that an operational, liberated and just society must rest on a basic pri nciple. Right liberty cannot be real for all, unless the civil liberties of all are valued by all, these right can be liberty and the pursuit of happiness. According to Karl Marx, order is highly important for the organization and for maintenance of all human societies and to bring about civilization. He said the higher rank of order a society achieves, the more superior the society tends to be unable to find order and indeed the more chaotic it become (young, 2003). Marx contradicts with Reilly (2000) who thought civilization goes hand in hand with law and order in the system. He points out that through the period of anarchy and revolution a society mainly lack order and therefore becomes chaotic. Both Marx and Reilly (2000) however converge on the same thoughts that societies have a lot of the attributes of the united system; through swapping matter and energy to their surroundings as they add to their order specialization tend to develop. The world is an island and therefore we all need each other to survive and we communication which is the key to the organization and development of all human societies; this involves use of words and symbols. It’s therefore very vital to have a pattern of value, order and norms so that law and order will be maintained in a society; this explains why in a structured society there is need for law and order. In addition order and pattern is the core of social union and function (Cohen Arato, 2001). Karl Marx quoted that though much energy is put in a society to maintain order, change is unavoidable hence he believed that every society can be destroyed if unity is not maintained by law and order (Young, 2003). At this juncture, Marx was in agreement with (Reilly 2000) who argued out that for there to be order in the society we need law to be followed for law and orders go hand in hand.   Reilly (2000) believed that rational societies were structured to attain goals flexibly and were able to meet the test of time therefore adjusting for better. In what I regard as the major achievement of the Greek and Roman Empires, the ancient Greek empire has contributed a lot to civilization of the west. Since inception the Greek philosophy, it has continued to shape the whole of western thought impacting on modern philosophy and modern science (Jessop, 1998). Although many philosophers believe that neither inquiry nor the reason began with the ancient Greeks, the Socratic methods together with his ideas of form are entirely from the Greek. Socrates who was the teacher for Plato was an Athenian philosopher who believed that a person should strive always to do well. He emphasized that one should always know you and he was known for disobeying the bad command (Barford, 1996). Aristotle and Plato work forms the major philosophies that have greatly influenced the western philosophy. The Greece’s were very good in art, history, art and science which many countries including western countries borrowed to shape their growth of civilizat ion. All these cultures begun with what is known as golden age of Greece: it’s the time of cultural prosperity peace and time of law and order in Greece. More so myths, Olympics, democracy rule of law all originated in Greece.   Greek’s had a very rich culture which influenced western civilization. The most notable was mainly their philosophy and its culture which dictates their rich norms and values (Hefner, 1998). Greek scientist made radical discoveries in several fields like in mathematics, physics, medicine, biology and astronomy. This forms part of the reason why Greek civilization is still regarded as mother of discoveries. On addition it was first in Greeks where commercial trading post and colonies were founded this led to the growth of trade which in turn led to adoption of septic alphabetical scrip. These scripts led to the development of the subject mathematic. The Greek had several enemies who wanted to conquer them. The conflicts with the Persians did not only make the Greek Empire become very strong but also allowed establishing a very strong form of government which favored specialization (Hefner, 1998). To an extent ancient Greece affected civilization of the west with politics, this is because the Greece was the first to establish the democratic systems.   Laws as it’s in many western countries laws were voted on and proposed directly by the assembly of all citizens therefore Greece offered a form of government which is used by the western countries including the US. A form of government which has the Executive branch, the judicial branch and the judicial branch began with the Greece and later borrowed by the west. Greece was the first to realize the important of sports and make sport their tradition hence the first Olympic was held there. Surprisingly, up to date the western countries still compete on the same sports which were held on the first Olympics (Martin, 1999).For ancient Roman, Engineering was a main issue influencing western civilization. Nowadays the Greek technologies are used to build bridges, harbors and roads were buildings in the west. Cohen and Arato (20 01) express no doubt that civilization of the west has been shaped and largely based on Greece’s powerful politics, philosophers, medics, sports and classical art. The society has played a big role in the invention of law, in order to advance the concept of the common good. The common good was crucial to normative vision of what can be regarded as good life during the time of the Greek moral philosophy that formed the basis of western thought. The common good entails grasping idea that a person as sacred and social. Common good is based on understanding that human rights and dignity together with well being and human potential are achieved in one’s moral ecology. On the other hand it is the social justice that orients the moral action to the common good. Every person in the society who is dedicated to the quality of life and to the well being of every body gives in to the common good of all since. Plato asserted that in a just society, citizen bestowed themselves to the common good, act morally and wisely, and practices the occupation they are best suited. Aristotle contrary to that recommended that a state should be governed by middle class, because he thought that they are likely to struggle for fairness of the common good. Moreover he stressed that an individual depends on the society in order to survive a truly human life, and even that the state is a natural creation that precedes a person (Owen, 1997). As per St. Augustine, he diverted the natural law of society from one based on reason to one based on divine rule. In his argument, St Augustine Hefner (1998) apprehends God and churches as the vital base of civic virtue, law and order of the social order. Therefore religion is very important in shaping human destiny, for church offers laws and ethics to be followed. Its society’s role to come out with guidelines for defining what is norm and what is right. It is al so the society role in general to mold its own people. It has a function of maintaining law and order hence protecting its people. Jessop, (1998) asserts that the main function of civil society is to compel human beings to respect one another’s rights. Civilization can be achieved only when the civil societies in the western countries protect its members to pursue diverse interest at the same time the political parties striving to guide the members towards party goals. Nevertheless, many philosophers predict that the western civilization is on the verge of collapsing. Cohen and Arato (2001) attribute the collapse to invasion of the west culture by other cultures. Although, the west citizens are slowly rejecting their community culture, they still hold some sense of commitment towards it.

Free Essays on Nectar In A Sieve

The book Nectar in a Sieve talks about three main themes one of which being Women’s roles.(TS) The things that Rukmani care for in this book seem to be nothing but family and her husband. â€Å"While the sun shines on you and the fields are green and beautiful to the eye, and your husband sees beauty in you, which no one has seen before, and you have a good store of grain stored away for hard times, and a roof over you and a sweet stirring in your body, what more can a woman ask for?†(CD) As for the question â€Å"what more could a woman ask for?†, how about a life outside your work and family?(CM) Rukmani (in this sentence) has mentioned everything that belongs to her husband, and her love for her husband...and that’s it.(CM) As for me as a reader, it was found pathetic.(CM) Also, when Kunthi, Ruknmani’s neighbor comes into her home demanding rice, she becomes the personification of greed and jealousy quicker than most can say the author’s name.(CD) â€Å"I will have the rice now or your husband shall hear that his wife is not as virtuous as he believes-or hears.†(CD) This creates yet another stereotype that women a sniveling creatures looking to exact revenge like a pack of hungry wolves.(CM) Just once, let’s see a man have that pinned on his back, just once.(CM) It takes away from the sanctity of women even though some women these days (mostly teenage girls) act.(CM) Finally, it uses the action of prostitution that Irawaddy takes and puts it up on a mantle with the label, â€Å"a solution to your problem.† In the book, Ira, being baron and losing her husband, decides that to gain money to feed her baby and family, she will become a prostitute.(CD) Honey, I hate to brake it to you, but sleeping around never helped anyone’s problems.(CM) Using your sexuality to gain profit isn’t a very respectable action.(CM) Even though it probably is a easy way to gain money with her beauty and all, the reade... Free Essays on Nectar In A Sieve Free Essays on Nectar In A Sieve The book Nectar in a Sieve talks about three main themes one of which being Women’s roles.(TS) The things that Rukmani care for in this book seem to be nothing but family and her husband. â€Å"While the sun shines on you and the fields are green and beautiful to the eye, and your husband sees beauty in you, which no one has seen before, and you have a good store of grain stored away for hard times, and a roof over you and a sweet stirring in your body, what more can a woman ask for?†(CD) As for the question â€Å"what more could a woman ask for?†, how about a life outside your work and family?(CM) Rukmani (in this sentence) has mentioned everything that belongs to her husband, and her love for her husband...and that’s it.(CM) As for me as a reader, it was found pathetic.(CM) Also, when Kunthi, Ruknmani’s neighbor comes into her home demanding rice, she becomes the personification of greed and jealousy quicker than most can say the author’s name.(CD) â€Å"I will have the rice now or your husband shall hear that his wife is not as virtuous as he believes-or hears.†(CD) This creates yet another stereotype that women a sniveling creatures looking to exact revenge like a pack of hungry wolves.(CM) Just once, let’s see a man have that pinned on his back, just once.(CM) It takes away from the sanctity of women even though some women these days (mostly teenage girls) act.(CM) Finally, it uses the action of prostitution that Irawaddy takes and puts it up on a mantle with the label, â€Å"a solution to your problem.† In the book, Ira, being baron and losing her husband, decides that to gain money to feed her baby and family, she will become a prostitute.(CD) Honey, I hate to brake it to you, but sleeping around never helped anyone’s problems.(CM) Using your sexuality to gain profit isn’t a very respectable action.(CM) Even though it probably is a easy way to gain money with her beauty and all, the reade...

Explain and discuss Nietzsche on truth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Explain and discuss Nietzsche on truth - Essay Example What is truth? This is a question that humans have asked since the beginning of thought or rather since we started communicating through language. Truth has always evaded this question, as far as philosophers are concerned. But, if you ask this question to a common man/woman, the answer would be simple and incontrovertible, which only reflects his/her immediate ‘reality’. Nietzsche is a philosopher whose preoccupation with truth has driven him to such extremes where he had no option than to negate the existence of truth itself. The interpreters of Nietzsche, on the other hand, tried to substantiate their philosophical biases using parts of Nietzsches arguments which could be interpreted as it suited them. This has led to a situation where contradictory interpretations were being validated by the same philosophy of Nietzsche. A birds eye view of all these interpretations and theories throws light upon the paths which human intellect passionately treads unhindered by the limitations of human comprehension. Before entering the intricate space created by Nietzsche regarding truth, the word, truth itself needs to be relocated in philosophical space and time so that further enquiries can be based on them. There are several theories on truth of which the major ones are correspondence theory, coherence theory, constructivist theory and pragmatic theory on truth. While, some of these theories are in assonance with Nietzsches theory of truth, some are in direct contrast with it also. The correspondence theory of truth is the earliest theoretical model on truth. It tells us that â€Å"a proposition or sentence is true when it corresponds to an appropriate fact which is something in the world that makes a proposition or a sentence true† (Newman, 2002, p.1). Here the propositions or sentences are â€Å"truth bearers† and facts are â€Å"truth

Writing helps jog creativity (needs better wording..) Essay

Writing helps jog creativity (needs better wording..) - Essay Example No doubt, free writing is a natural way of writing that accelerates learning and enhances creativity. Writing is a process that explores ideas, beliefs, knowledge of known, and leads to the unknown. Free thinking and writing keeps the ideas and thoughts flowing. Murray finds free writing as a natural way of writing. He acknowledges the fact that writers are mostly clueless, they don’t know what their direction is. It is because they use language as a tool to explore what is beyond their knowledge (77).Free writing let the writer express every little detail on the paper rather than missing it in the â€Å"only thinking† or planning process. I personally feel that ideas are like soap bubbles that form and burst quickly, one after the other. I can identify with Abelardo Delgado who says, â€Å"I literally give birth to the ideas which wiggle in me wanting to come out†(qtd. in Tomlinson).It is critical to save them as they appear, and nothing can save them as beautifully as free writing. James Baker refers ideas and details as â€Å"free-floating metal shavings† looking for magnet (qtd. in Tomlinson).The magnet here are words that attract and absorb every little detail of our ideas. Free writing gives clarity and meaning to the whole thought process in general and writing in particular. Murray observes his students exploring and discovering the meaning through their writing process (77). While writing freely, we naturally express ourselves more. Gradually, we come to identify the meaning behind our expressions. It is more like a process of self exploration which introduce us to our writer self. Elie Wiesel says, â€Å"I write in order to understand as much to be understood† (qtd. in Murray 77).Murray supports my idea of writing as a discovery of meaning which unfolds itself as it proceeds. However, I never felt like professor of philosophy who felt embarrassed or dumb because he has to keep writing to find out what is his objective

Legal aspect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Legal aspect - Essay Example They include autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, veracity, confidentiality, justice, and fidelity. Based on the case before us, the nurses had the ethical responsibility of providing safe, compassionate, and competent care to the patient (Storch, Rodney, and Starzomski, 2004). In this regard, it was the responsibility of nurses to ensure that the patient is provided with the necessary treatments and care to ensure his well-being. In fact, the patient also has the right to receive treatment from nurses regardless of their status or situation. Therefore, it was the obligation of the nursing staff to ensure that the right of the patient is protected. The nurses were also under the ethical responsibility to preserve the dignity of the patient. This included the duty of providing the necessary support to ensure the patient’s dignity and integrity is maintained, according to Storch, Rodney, and Starzomski (2004). In the case before us, the patient had the right to be provided wit h the necessary care such as ensuring his cleanliness and well-being is assured. This includes being cleaned and turned on bed periodically to ensure his dignity is not compromised. The nurses were also under an ethical obligation to promote justice of the patient (American Nurses Association, 2006). ... Further, the nurses had the ethical responsibility of ensuring that the privacy and confidential information pertaining to the patient are maintained, according to the American Nurses Association (2006). In this regard, the nurses were expected to ensure that any confidential information pertaining to the patient is only used for the purpose for which it is meant. Therefore, they should ensure that private and confidential information is not divulged to the public without the consent of the patient. 2. Was there a deviation from the standards of care in this instance? Explain. The case before us showed a deviation from a number of standards of care expected of the nurses in discharge of their duties. Firstly, the case manifests a deviation from the nurses’ ethical duty to provide safe, compassionate, and competent care. This is evident from the fact that the nurses at the hospital failed to ensure that the patient received the quality care. According to Mrs. O’Hara†™s family, their patient died because of the nurses failed to administer the care and treatment expected. The fact that the 86-year old man laid on the bed without assistance from nurses is a clear proof of the deviation of this standard of care. The case also shows a deviation from the ethical responsibility of protecting the dignity of the patient. Every patient has a right to receive the necessary support from the health care providers such as being given the opportunity to bath and the turned on the bed in case the patient is too weak to do so by himself or herself (Burkhardt and Nathaniel, 2002). The case before us, however, shows clearly that the nurse charged with the responsibility of providing such a support failed to do so. As claimed by Mrs. O’Hara’s family, the 86-year old patient